By Richard A. Gould
Maritime archaeology bargains with shipwrecks and is performed through divers instead of diggers..It embraces maritime historical past and analyzes adjustments in ship-building, navigation, and seamanship, and gives clean views at the cultures and societies that produced the ships and sailors. Drawing on distinctive earlier and up to date case reviews, Richard A. Gould presents an up to date evaluation of the sector that comes with dramatic new findings coming up from enhanced undersea applied sciences. This moment version of Archaeology and the Social historical past of Ships has been up-to-date all through to mirror new findings and new interpretations of outdated websites. the recent version explores advances in undersea know-how in archaeology, specifically remotely operated cars. The e-book experiences some of the significant contemporary shipwreck findings, together with the Vasa in Stockholm, the Viking wrecks at Roskilde Fjord, and the massive.
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Intuition and Science Unexpected connections between seemingly unrelated phenomena sometimes point the way to conclusions about archaeological findings. Maritime archaeologist George Bass offers as an example the case of the so-called ox-hide ingots found as cargoes in Bronze Age shipwrecks. The received wisdom at the time this interpretation was widely accepted was that these four-handled ingots were made in the shape of prepared ox-hides. During a visit to a foundry in Philadelphia, Bass saw copper being cast in open molds, and the surfaces exposed to air exhibited the same rough surface texture as that of the Bronze Age ingots.
The rationale that archaeology serves to overcome elitist bias is fine as far as it goes, but it provides a timid and inadequate basis for archaeological scholarship because it assigns primacy to the historical record in setting the archaeological agenda. A more extreme version of this argument points to the self-serving uses of written histories by various elites to justify their behavior and presents archaeology as a similar form of revisionism (Shanks and Tilley, 1988: 186–208; Trigger, 1990: 370–411).
Among his extracting filters were wrecking, salvage operations, and disintegration of perishable materials. He noted, for example, how elements of a wood structure at a shipwreck site may simply float away after wrecking, thus removing or “extracting” these items from the archaeological record. Scrambling Interpreting the Underwater Archaeological Record r 13 devices are the disorganizing effects of wrecking and the subsequent rearrangement of materials resulting from seabed movement, currents, marine organisms, storms, and other factors.